HITT-Q was introduced to the scientific community in 2024. Since then, the HITT questionnaire and model have been tested in other linguistic, historical, and cultural contexts

The following is a list of publications directly related to the HITT model, the psychometric properties of the HITT-Q, or its application. General articles on transgenerational trauma that did not use the HITT-Q are not included in this list

INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATIONS:​

First psychometric validation of the HITT-Q in a sample of 1,104 descendants of Holocaust survivors:

  • Békés, V., & Starrs, C. J. (2024). Assessing transgenerational trauma transmission: Development and psychometric properties of the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Questionnaire (HITT-Q). European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1), 2329510.
  • https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2329510


The theoretical model on which the HITT-Q is based. The article was first published online in 2024; the bibliographic issue of the journal is dated 2025:

  • Starrs, C. J., & Békés, V. (2025). Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Model: A comprehensive framework of family and offspring processes of transgenerational trauma. Traumatology, 31(2), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000505


A study of the children and grandchildren of Holocaust survivors in Hungary. This study analyzes the family mechanisms of trauma transmission that form one of the foundations of the HITT model:

  • Békés, V., & Starrs, C. J. (2025). Transgenerational trauma: Perceived parental style, children’s adaptational efforts, and mental health outcomes in second- and third-generation Holocaust offspring in Hungary. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 95(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000758


A review of 26 studies on the role of attachment in the intergenerational transmission of trauma:

  • Kaur, S., & Békés, V. (2025). The role of attachment in intergenerational trauma transmission: A structured literature review. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 34(10), 1560–1584. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2025.2574315


A study of young adults in Indonesia used a locally adapted version of the HITT-Q along with measures of family functioning and psychological well-being:

  • Mayangsari, A., Rustyawati, R., Sukron, M. I. W., & Kusumawardhani, S. J. (2025). Does family functioning buffer the effects of intergenerational trauma? A study of Indonesian youth. SHS Web of Conferences, 224, 08003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202522408003


The HITT model was tested among the descendants of survivors of the 1984 anti-Sikh violence. The study examined family and individual factors of vulnerability and resilience, historical moral trauma, current distress, and mental health:

  • Kaur, S., Starrs, C. J., & Békés, V. (2026). Transgenerational trauma in the offspring of Sikh massacre survivors: Applying the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Model. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 35(5), 778–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2026.2673515

PUBLICATIONS IN UKRAINE:

Description of the translation, cultural adaptation, internal consistency, and retest reliability of the Ukrainian version:

  • Stanislavska, T. O., & Milyutina, K. L. (2025). Ukrainian adaptation of the Historical Trauma Intergenerational Transmission Questionnaire (HITT-Q): psychometric characteristics and validity. Kyiv Journal of Contemporary Psychology and Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.48020/mppj.2025.02.11


Verification of the twelve-factor structure and the HITT-Q’s associations with an external measure of current psychological resilience:

  • Stanislavska, T. O., & Milyutina, K. L. (2025). Factor structure of the Ukrainian version of the HITT-Q: confirmatory analysis and construct validity. KELM (Knowledge, Education, Law, Management), 5(73). https://doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2025.5.9


Preliminary comparison of descriptive statistics for the Ukrainian and Hungarian samples, taking into account the respective methodological limitations:

  • Stanislavska, T. O., & Milyutina, K. L. (2025). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Transgenerational Trauma in Wartime: Results of a Ukrainian-Hungarian Study Using the HITT-Q Methodology. Habitus, 77. https://doi.org/10.32782/hbts.77.1.4